The operating list

Cardiothoracic operations explained step by step for medical students: Cardiopulmonary bypass, Coronary artery bypass grafting, Surgical aortic valve…

Cardiopulmonary bypass: The machine that takes over the heart and lungs so the surgeon can stop the heart and work on it.
Coronary artery bypass grafting: Grafts carry blood around blocked coronary arteries to the heart muscle beyond them.
Surgical aortic valve replacement: The diseased aortic valve is cut out and a mechanical or tissue valve is sewn in its place.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A new valve is crimped onto a catheter, threaded up from the groin and opened inside the old one.
Mitral valve repair: The leaking mitral valve is reshaped so the patient keeps their own valve.
Aortic root replacement (Bentall): The aortic valve, root and ascending aorta are replaced in one go with a tube graft that has a valve built in.
Type A aortic dissection repair: An emergency operation to replace the torn ascending aorta before it ruptures or starves organs of blood.
Heart transplantation: A failing heart is removed and replaced with a donor heart.
VATS / robotic lobectomy: A lobe of lung is removed through small ports using a camera, usually to cure early lung cancer.

Coming soon: Modified Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt, Pulmonary artery banding, PDA ligation, Norwood procedure (stage 1), Bidirectional Glenn, Fontan completion, Arterial switch operation, Tetralogy of Fallot repair, VSD closure, ASD closure, AVSD repair, Coarctation repair, TAPVD repair, Truncus arteriosus repair, Ross procedure, Rastelli procedure, Konno procedure, Cone repair for Ebstein anomaly.

St George's Cardiothoracic Surgery Society, City St George's, University of London.